Steve Hoare

The Ministry of Finance of Estonia has declared that it will consider all economic risk elements before its signs-off on any tax cuts granted for online gambling.

The statement follows a recent assessment by the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), which reported a growing number of anti–money laundering (AML) incidents linked to gambling operators, particularly those serving cross-border markets.

Officials acknowledged that such incidents were “not unexpected” as Estonia’s gambling profile continues to shift toward online and international operations, but stressed that no new fiscal incentives would be granted without robust safeguards in place.

Breaks on wheels in motions

Treasury Deputy Evelyn Liivamägi said the Ministry would not support “any tax relief that weakens supervision or increases exposure to financial crimes.”

She added: “Estonia’s goal is not to become a soft target for unregulated capital. Tax changes can only be justified if we are certain that operators are fully vetted — their licences, IT systems, payments, and compliance records must meet the highest standards.”

The Ministry’s cautious tone could complicate the Reform–Eesti 200 coalition’s Economic Plan for Gambling, a programme included in the government’s 2023–2028 pact, which envisages Estonia emerging as a technology and operations hub for the European iGaming sector, potentially rivalling Malta.

The plan’s proposal to reduce the remote gambling tax by 0.5 percentage points annually until reaching 4% of GGR by 2028 — has been promoted by coalition lawmakers as a lever for foreign investment and a boost to sports funding.

“The wheels are in motion,” said Madis Timpson, Chair of the Riigikogu Legal Affairs Committee and the driving force behind the reform. “We see an opportunity to attract international operators, build local technology capacity, and reinvest part of the revenue into sport and culture. It’s about competitiveness and about showing that Estonia can think bigger.”

Full scale vetting
However, the Finance Ministry’s review could slow the legislative process, with officials insisting on a comprehensive vetting of all operators before any fiscal breaks are granted.

This includes not only checking licences but also verifying IT infrastructure, payment systems, and historical compliance records.

Liivamägi confirmed that new supervision measures would accompany any reforms, including stricter licensing audits and enhanced reporting obligations for foreign-facing platforms.

Finance Minister Jürgen Ligi has warned colleagues that “tax breaks for gambling represent a political risk,” arguing that reforms must strike a balance between competitiveness and accountability.

“We cannot simply lower rates and expect investment to follow. Our credibility depends on supervision, on traceable flows of money, and on cooperation with international partners.”

Industry analysts have also cast doubt on the government’s ambitions.

In a recent briefing titled “Pirates of the Baltic”, consultancy Regulus Partners criticised the policy as “too late and too contradictory,” warning that Estonia risks cutting taxes on a declining revenue base as major markets such as Finland, Ireland, and Norway move to license their own online gambling sectors.

Regulus noted that Estonia’s existing low taxes — currently 6% of GGR — have already attracted significant offshore activity, but that most of this income originates from unregulated or soon-to-be-regulated markets.

By 2027, the consultancy predicts, up to 60% of Estonia’s offshore hub revenues could vanish, leaving the government with fewer options to sustain its tax base.

“Estonia’s bid to rival Malta comes a decade too late,” Regulus commented.

“The country’s offshore model is being built on sand. Once Finland and Ireland regulate, and Norway tightens enforcement, the very markets fuelling Estonia’s hub status will disappear. At that point, the government will have cut taxes into a shrinking base — and the fiscal gap will be politically explosive.”

“The danger,” the firm added, “is not only economic but reputational. If Estonia enforces international standards rigorously, operators will move elsewhere. If it relaxes them to stay attractive, it risks being labelled the new ‘Malta problem’ of the north. Either path creates tension that no 4% tax can resolve.”

Has the ship sailed for Estonia
Prime Minister Kaja Kallas has so far maintained a measured position, describing the gambling tax debate as a “useful but delicate” part of Estonia’s broader fiscal reform agenda.

While backing the coalition’s goal of economic diversification, Kallas has reiterated that gambling revenues must remain tied to responsible and transparent outcomes, such as funding national sports infrastructure.

“We will not jeopardise Estonia’s reputation for financial integrity,” Kallas said in a press briefing last month. “Becoming a technology hub means meeting the highest regulatory and ethical standards — not lowering them.”

Despite Estonia’s many advantages — a fast-growing digital economy, a skilled tech workforce, and a reputation for regulatory efficiency — analysts and officials alike warn that the window to become a major European iGaming hub may have already closed.

Kansspelautoriteit (KSA), the Netherlands’ Gambling Authority, has fired a warning shot at social media personalities after issuing penalties to three influencers caught promoting unlicensed gambling operators to young audiences. KSA has named ‘personalities’ Stiefunspeelt, Turcos and Buurtwachtt as offenders, after the trio used YouTube and Instagram to showcase their own play with illegal providers and encourage followers to do the same.…

The Gambling Regulatory Authority of Ireland (GRAI) has highlighted some of its biggest achievements under its historical first mandate.

In the pursuit of a gambling regulatory system on par with modern European standards, the Irish government introduced GRAI at the end of last year, with the regulator beginning to take charge of the market in March 2025.

Under CEO Anne Marie Caulfield’s leadership, GRAI’s main responsibilities revolve around the supervision of licensing, gambling laws, self-exclusion and player protection initiatives.

Only seven months after its official launch, the regulatory body has already achieved some significant progress in the areas outlined above.

For one, a close collaboration with the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) resulted in an evidence-based conclusion that gambling inducements – even “bad” ones below market rates – can lead to increased gambling rates, especially among those at most risk.

This will likely inform regulatory developments moving forward, with the GRAI potentially moving to clamp down on promotions like bonuses in Ireland’s new-look gambling market.

Meanwhile, having a specialised gambling regulator in place has also allowed for a more focused approach towards problem gambling research.

In conjunction with Pobal – Ireland’s body responsible for EU funding allocation, GRAI conducted the country’s first nation-wide ‘Call for Input’ initiative which assessed the amount of money needed for the creation of a Social Impact Fund that would deliver a meaningful impact in tackling gambling harm.

Furthermore, banks have also become more involved with cutting down problem gambling rates with the help of the regulator and the launch of the Common Commitment of Care for Problem Gambling project.

Operator compliance with the regulatory framework will also come under scrutiny as soon as GRAI begins its licensing duties, with the regulator’s Compliance and Enforcement teams getting ready to work closely together and bridge any gaps when it comes to legal breaches.

The step-by-step licensing guide has also been already published on GRAI’s website thanks to a thorough consultation process and detailed stakeholder feedback. Licence applications will run through a newly-set online portal built with the help of Deloitte, who has also played a core role in the implementation of Ireland’s first National Gambling Exclusion Register.

Caulfield commented: “The Authority is currently finalising the Statement of Strategy 2025 – 2027, which sets out the roadmap to delivering a modern, fair, and trusted regulatory regime that reflects the constantly evolving nature of gambling and the expectations of the Irish public.

“We look forward to sharing our Statement of Strategy with our stakeholders when it is finalised in the coming weeks.”